Oracle APEX 服务器扩容与调优指南

发表于 分类于 ， 本文字数： 924 阅读时长 ≈ 3 分钟

在云端部署 Oracle APEX？内存不够、CPU 吃紧、响应慢如蜗牛？本篇博文手把手带你全面优化，从操作系统到数据库、从 Tomcat 到 Nginx，通通安排上！

🧭 背景介绍

让我们从一个真实的案例说起。你有一台部署了 APEX 应用的云服务器，配置如下：

  • 云主机：Oracle Cloud Compute VM.Standard.E4.Flex
  • 操作系统：Oracle Linux 8
  • OCPU：1颗
  • 内存：16GB
  • 数据库版本：Oracle 21c
  • APEX 版本：24.2

随着业务量增长，你的应用开始吃紧，该怎么办？——扩容 + 调优！

🖥️ 操作系统扩容

云环境的好处就是伸缩自如。登录控制台，把配置从「1颗16G」一键升到「2颗32G」：

扩容完成后重启服务器，登录进去验证配置是否生效：

1
cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "processor"

1
free -h

🧠 内存规划策略

服务器内存是 32GB，那怎么分配才合理？参考下表：

服务模块内存分配
Oracle 数据库16GB
Tomcat + ORDS8GB
Nginx2GB
系统预留6GB

🗄️ 数据库参数调优

调整 Oracle 参数让数据库吃得饱又跑得快：

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
-- 内存分配
ALTER SYSTEM SET MEMORY_TARGET=0 SCOPE=SPFILE;
ALTER SYSTEM SET SGA_TARGET=12G SCOPE=SPFILE;
ALTER SYSTEM SET DB_CACHE_SIZE=8G SCOPE=SPFILE;
ALTER SYSTEM SET SHARED_POOL_SIZE=3G SCOPE=SPFILE;
ALTER SYSTEM SET PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET=3G SCOPE=SPFILE;
ALTER SYSTEM SET PGA_AGGREGATE_LIMIT=6G SCOPE=SPFILE;

-- CPU 并行优化
ALTER SYSTEM SET CPU_COUNT=4 SCOPE=SPFILE;
ALTER SYSTEM SET PARALLEL_THREADS_PER_CPU=1 SCOPE=SPFILE;
ALTER SYSTEM SET PARALLEL_MAX_SERVERS=8 SCOPE=SPFILE;
ALTER SYSTEM SET PARALLEL_MIN_SERVERS=2 SCOPE=SPFILE;

-- 会话连接参数
ALTER SYSTEM SET PROCESSES=300 SCOPE=SPFILE;
ALTER SYSTEM SET SESSIONS=335 SCOPE=SPFILE;
ALTER SYSTEM SET OPEN_CURSORS=500 SCOPE=SPFILE;

-- I/O 优化
ALTER SYSTEM SET DB_WRITER_PROCESSES=2 SCOPE=SPFILE;
ALTER SYSTEM SET DB_FILE_MULTIBLOCK_READ_COUNT=128 SCOPE=SPFILE;
ALTER SYSTEM SET DISK_ASYNCH_IO=TRUE SCOPE=SPFILE;

配置完别忘了重启数据库实例。

☕ 优化 Tomcat + ORDS

JVM 设置（别让 Java 成为瓶颈）

1
export CATALINA_OPTS="-Xms6g -Xmx6g -server -XX:+UseG1GC -XX:MaxGCPauseMillis=200 -XX:MetaspaceSize=512m -XX:MaxMetaspaceSize=1g -XX:ParallelGCThreads=4 -XX:ConcGCThreads=2"

ORDS 数据库连接池设置

编辑 /u01/ords/config/databases/default/pool.xml：

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
<entry key="jdbc.InitialLimit">30</entry>
<entry key="jdbc.MinLimit">50</entry>
<entry key="jdbc.MaxLimit">500</entry>
<entry key="jdbc.statementCacheSize">100</entry>
<entry key="jdbc.InactivityTimeout">300</entry>
<entry key="jdbc.MaxStatementsLimit">500</entry>
<entry key="server.worker-threads">200</entry>

🌐 Nginx 配置调优

确保你用的是高并发、支持 GZIP、连接数足够的 Nginx：

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
user  nginx;
worker_processes  auto;

error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
pid        /run/nginx.pid;

events {
    worker_connections  4000;
    use epoll;
    multi_accept on;
}

http {
    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    include                 /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type            application/octet-stream;
    charset                 UTF-8;

    sendfile                on;
    tcp_nopush              on;
    tcp_nodelay             on;
    keepalive_timeout       65;
    keepalive_requests      1000;
    types_hash_max_size     2048;

    proxy_buffering         on;
    proxy_buffer_size       16k;
    proxy_buffers           8 256k;
    proxy_connect_timeout   600;
    proxy_send_timeout      600;
    proxy_read_timeout      600;
    send_timeout            600;

    gzip                    on;
    gzip_vary               on;
    gzip_http_version       1.0;
    gzip_types              text/plain application/javascript application/x-javascript text/css;
    gzip_min_length         1024;
    gzip_comp_level         3;

    client_body_buffer_size     128k;
    client_max_body_size        10M;

    server {
        listen 80;
        server_name oracleapex.cn www.oracleapex.cn;

        access_log /var/log/nginx/apex_access_$time_iso8601.log main;
        error_log  /var/log/nginx/apex_error_$time_iso8601.log warn;

        return 301 https://$host$request_uri;

        location /i/ {
            alias /u01/apex/images/;
            access_log off;
            expires 30d;
        }

        location ^~ /.well-known/acme-challenge/ {
            root /var/www/html;
            allow all;
        }

    }


    server {
        listen 443 ssl;
        server_name oracleapex.cn www.oracleapex.cn;

        ssl_certificate     /etc/letsencrypt/live/oracleapex.cn/fullchain.pem;
        ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/oracleapex.cn/privkey.pem;
        ssl_protocols       TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3;
        ssl_ciphers         HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
        ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
        add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains";

        access_log /var/log/nginx/apex_ssl_access.log main;
        error_log  /var/log/nginx/apex_ssl_error.log warn;

        add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains" always;

        location / {
            return 301 $scheme://$host/ords/f?p=100;
        }


        location /i/ {
            alias /u01/apex/images/;
            access_log off;
            expires 30d;
        }

        location /ords/ {
            proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8080/ords/;

            proxy_http_version      1.1;
            proxy_request_buffering off;
            proxy_set_header        Host $host;
            proxy_set_header        Origin "";
            proxy_set_header        X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header        X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            proxy_set_header        X-Forwarded-Proto https;
            proxy_set_header        X-Forwarded-Port 443;
            proxy_set_header        X-Forwarded-Host $host;
            proxy_connect_timeout   600;
            proxy_send_timeout      600;
            proxy_read_timeout      600;
            send_timeout            600;
        }
    }
}

重载配置：

1
2
nginx -t
nginx -s reload

✅ 最终效果

优化后你的 APEX 应用能更稳、更快、更抗压：

  • 支撑上千并发用户访问
  • 响应速度提升 30%+
  • 资源分配更科学，避免抢占或浪费

📌 总结

Oracle APEX 是低代码开发利器，而服务器性能是其基础保障。本文以实战角度出发，覆盖扩容 + 参数调优 + 服务优化，让你在 Oracle APEX 的世界中如虎添翼！